Morocco agriculture gains as Spain faces water crisis

Climate change is gradually reshaping the global map of fruits and vegetables. In the Mediterranean, southern Spain is experiencing recurring droughts, irrigation restrictions and rising costs that are squeezing producers’ margins.

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Spanish volumes remain significant, but their profitability is declining in several sectors, particularly citrus fruits, vegetables and berries. Producers must invest more in irrigation, insurance, weather protection and crop storage.

According to EastFruit, Morocco, along with Egypt, is among the countries that have most strengthened their agricultural competitiveness over the past five years.

Morocco gains ground in Europe

The Kingdom is making particular progress in tomatoes, berries and citrus fruits. Its proximity to the European Union, competitive production costs, logistics infrastructure and export-oriented approach enable it to better meet European demand.

Investments in irrigation, protected crops and logistics chains have also consolidated Morocco’s positions. Exports of tomatoes and blueberries to Europe continue to grow.

This evolution does not mean Spain ceases to be a major producer. Rather, it shows that water scarcity and rising costs are gradually reducing its economic advantage, while new competitors are gaining in efficiency and market share.

Water can also slow Morocco

Morocco’s advantage remains fragile, however. The country is also facing growing pressure on its water resources, as fruits and vegetables destined for export depend heavily on regular irrigation.

In the long term, Morocco’s competitiveness will therefore depend less on land availability than on its ability to produce more with each cubic meter of water. Farms with secure irrigation, greenhouses and technologies to minimize losses will be best positioned.

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In this new agricultural battle, Morocco is advancing against a Spain weakened by drought. But the real winner will be whoever uses water most efficiently.